Yuav ua li cas ib tug bumblebee ya: lub zog ntawm xwm thiab cov cai ntawm aerodynamics
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom muv yog bumblebee. Furry thiab nrov, kab muaj me me tis piv rau nws lub cev proportions. Raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm aerodynamics, lub davhlau ntawm cov kab nrog cov kev txwv no tsuas yog ua tsis tau. Tau ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb kom nkag siab tias qhov no ua tau li cas.
Txheem
Cov qauv ntawm cov tis ntawm ib tug bumblebee nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog ib tug dav hlau
Muaj tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb - bionics, ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas ua ke nrog kev siv tshuab thiab biology. Nws kawm ntau yam kab mob thiab dab tsi tib neeg tuaj yeem rho tawm ntawm lawv rau lawv tus kheej.
Tib neeg feem ntau coj ib yam dab tsi los ntawm ntuj thiab ua tib zoo kawm. Tab sis bumblebee haunted cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntev, los yog nws lub peev xwm ya.
Physicists tau pom tias lub dav hlau ya vim yog txoj kev tsim ntawm lub tis thiab qhov chaw aerodynamic. Kev nqa nqa tau zoo yog muab los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm ntug ntawm lub tis thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm ntug. Cav thrust zog yog 63300 lbs.
Lub aerodynamics ntawm lub davhlau ntawm lub dav hlau thiab ib tug bumblebee yuav tsum yog tib yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias raws li txoj cai ntawm physics, bumblebees yuav tsum tsis txhob ya. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog.
Loj bumblebee thiab nws tis.
Bumblebee tis muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau dua li cov kws tshawb fawb xav tau. Yog hais tias lub dav hlau muaj cov proportions ntawm ib tug bumblebee, ces nws yuav tsis tawm ntawm av. Ib kab tuaj yeem muab piv rau lub nyoob hoom qav taub nrog cov hniav hloov tau yooj yim.
Tom qab kev sim cov kev xav siv tau rau Boeing 747 hais txog bumblebees, physicists pom tias lub wingspan yog los ntawm 300 mus rau 400 flaps nyob rau hauv 1 thib ob. Qhov no yog ua tau vim qhov contraction thiab so ntawm lub plab cov leeg.
Cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm cov tis thaum lub sij hawm flapping yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam aerodynamic rog. Lawv tawm tsam txhua txoj kev xav lej. Cov tis tsis muaj peev xwm ua viav vias zoo li lub qhov rooj ntawm lub pob khawm ib txwm. Lub sab sauv tsim ib tug nyias oval. Cov tis tuaj yeem tig nrog txhua qhov mob stroke, taw tes rau sab saum toj rau ntawm qhov qis qis.
Qhov zaus ntawm tus mob stroke ntawm cov bumblebees loj yog tsawg kawg yog 200 zaug ib ob. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ya davhlau mus txog 5 meters ib ob, uas yog sib npaug rau 18 km ib teev.
Unraveling qhov paub tsis meej ntawm bumblebee ya davhlau
Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis paub, physicists yuav tsum tsim cov qauv ntawm bumblebee tis nyob rau hauv ib tug loj version. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, tus kws tshawb fawb Dickinson tau tsim cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kab ya. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug qeeb stall ntawm cov huab cua khiav, capture ntawm ib tug wake dav hlau, ib tug rotational voj voog.
Lub tis hla saum huab cua, uas ua rau kev sib cais qeeb ntawm huab cua ntws. Yuav kom nyob twj ywm hauv davhlau, bumblebee xav tau cua daj cua dub. Vortices yog rotating kwj ntawm cov teeb meem, zoo li cov dej ntws hauv lub dab dej.
Thaum lub tis txav ntawm lub kaum sab xis me me, huab cua raug txiav rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tis. Tom qab ntawd muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau 2 ntws raws qhov qis thiab sab saud ntawm tis. Cov dej ntws ceev yog siab dua. Qhov no tsim lift.
Vim thawj theem ntawm deceleration, nqa tau nce. Qhov no yog yooj yim los ntawm ib tug luv luv khiav - lub vortex ntawm tus thawj ntug ntawm lub tis. Yog li ntawd, tsis tshua muaj siab yog tsim, uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv nqa.
Yog li ntawd, nws tau raug tsim los hais tias bumblebee ya nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm vortices. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ib puag ncig los ntawm huab cua tam sim no thiab me me cua daj cua dub tsim los ntawm flapping ntawm tis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tis tsim ib lub zog muaj zog ib ntus uas tshwm sim thaum kawg thiab thaum pib ntawm txhua qhov mob stroke.
xaus
Muaj ntau yam tsis meej pem hauv qhov xwm txheej. Lub peev xwm ya nyob rau hauv bumblebees yog ib qho tshwm sim uas tau kawm los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Nws tuaj yeem hu ua qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Cov tis me me tsim xws li cua daj cua dub thiab impulses uas cov kab ya nyob rau hauv high speeds.
