Tick-borne encephalitis

Dab tsi yog tic-borne viral encephalitis?

Tick-borne viral encephalitis yog ib hom kab mob sib kis uas tshwm sim feem ntau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem muaj txij li rov ua tiav mus rau qhov teeb meem loj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis taus, kev tuag, lossis kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb mus ntev txawm tias tom qab kis tus kab mob thawj zaug.

Tus kab mob no belongs rau tsev neeg flavivirus (Flaviviridae) thiab muaj peb hom tseem ceeb (subtypes):

1. Sab hnub tuaj.
2. Central European.
3. Ob-wave viral meningoencephalitis.

Tus kab mob manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ntau hom:

1. Ua npaws (kwv yees li ntawm 35-45% ntawm tus neeg mob).
2. Meningeal (kwv yees li 35-45% ntawm cov neeg mob).
3. Focal daim ntawv, uas tej zaum yuav muaj ntau yam ua ke ntawm qhov txhab ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum (kwv yees li 1-10% ntawm cov neeg mob).

Hauv 1-3% ntawm cov neeg uas tau zoo los ntawm tus kab mob, tus kab mob ua rau mob. Tom qab rov zoo los ntawm kev kis kab mob thawj zaug, qee cov neeg mob tau ntsib cov teeb meem neurological ntev. Kwv yees li ntawm 40% ntawm cov neeg muaj txoj sia nyob muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob postencephalitis residual, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv cov neeg laus, tus kab mob no feem ntau hnyav dua.

Qhov kev tuag ntawm tus kab mob tic-borne viral encephalitis ntawm Central European hom yog kwv yees li 0,7-2%, thaum cov neeg tuag los ntawm Far Eastern daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 25-30%.

Yuav ua li cas koj thiaj kis tau tus zuam-borne viral encephalitis?

Tick-borne encephalitis tus kab mob kis mus rau tib neeg feem ntau los ntawm kev tom cov kab mob Ixodes, xws li Ixodes persulcatus thiab Ixodes ricinus. Kev kis kab mob kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov tsiaj xws li dev, miv, nrog rau tib neeg, xws li los ntawm khaub ncaws, nroj tsuag, ceg ntoo thiab lwm yam khoom. Tus kab mob no tseem tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev siv tshuab txhuam rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, tso siab rau ntawm zuam lossis khawb qhov chaw tom.

Kev kis kab mob kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov mis nyuj nyoos los ntawm tshis, uas tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov mis nyuj thaum lub sijhawm zuam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm nyuj cov mis nyuj.

Txhua tus neeg yeej ib txwm muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob, tsis hais hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov muaj kev pheej hmoo siab kis kab mob, xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav geological, cov neeg tsim txoj kev thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov roj thiab cov kav dej, cov kab hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog muaj kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob hauv cov hav zoov suburban, cov chaw ua si hauv hav zoov thiab cov phiaj xwm vaj.

Ticks pub rau ntau yam tsiaj, suav nrog kev ua liaj ua teb (nyuj, yaj, tshis, nees, ntxhuav), tsiaj nyeg (dab, miv) thiab tsiaj qus (nas, hares, hedgehogs thiab lwm yam) hom, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib ntus ntawm lub pas dej. kab mob vais lav.

Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov zuam no nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab kav mus txog rau lub Kaum Hli, nrog rau cov zuam ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Lawv feem ntau nyob hauv thaj av qub, thaj av nkauj xwb, hav zoov txoj siv sia, haylofts thiab ntub biotopes, xws li thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv.

Dab tsi yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis?

Lub sijhawm incubation, txij li lub sijhawm kis mus rau thawj qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim, feem ntau yog li 7-12 hnub, tab sis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 1 txog 30 hnub. Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tsos mob ua ntej ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim, xws li kev ua tsis taus pa, tsis muaj zog hauv cov leeg ntawm ceg thiab caj dab, loog ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag, mob taub hau, insomnia thiab xeev siab.

Tus kab mob pib sai li sai tau nrog kev nce hauv lub cev kub txog 38-40 ° C, cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication (mob qaug zog, qaug zog, pw tsaug zog) thiab cov tsos mob ntawm khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub paj hlwb ( xeev siab, ntuav, mob taub hau, tsis muaj peev xwm nias. lub puab tsaig rau hauv siab). Lethargy, vagueness ntawm tsis nco qab, liab ntawm lub ntsej muag, caj dab thiab sab sauv ib nrab ntawm lub cev tshwm sim. Tus neeg mob yuav hnov ​​​​mob nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm tag nrho lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev txav mus los yuav raug soj ntsuam, thiab tej zaum kuj yuav muaj loog loog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ntswg, kub hnyiab thiab lwm yam tsis xis nyob.

Raws li tus kab mob tshwm sim, cov tsos mob tseem ceeb tshwm sim uas txiav txim siab nws daim ntawv. Feem ntau, zuam-borne encephalitis manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no kev kho mob variants:

1. Daim ntawv ua npaws, nrog rau kev qaug cawv, tab sis tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb. Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau yog rov qab sai.
2. Ib daim ntawv uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau daim nyias nyias ntawm lub paj hlwb, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab thiab ntuav, tsis zoo rau kev kho mob, nrog rau photophobia thiab lethargy. Lub cev kub tseem nce siab thiab kub taub hau kav 7-14 hnub. Qhov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog qhov zoo.
3. Ib daim ntawv uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau daim nyias nyias thiab cov khoom ntawm lub paj hlwb, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov ceg ceg, tuag tes tuag taw, nrog rau kev tsis pom kev, hnov ​​lus, hais lus thiab nqos. Qee zaum qaug dab peg tshwm sim. Kev rov qab los qeeb, thiab kev txav mus los ntawm lub neej feem ntau nyob twj ywm.
4. Ib daim ntawv uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus txha caj qaum, tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov leeg ntawm caj dab thiab caj dab.
5. Ib daim ntawv uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov fibers, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm rhiab heev thiab txav ntawm cov ceg.

Tick-borne encephalitis nrog ob lub nthwv dej ntawm kev ua npaws yog txawv nyias. Thawj qhov kub thiab txias dhau mus tau yooj yim nrog cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication thiab irritation ntawm meninges, thiab qhov thib ob (tom qab ob lub lis piam so) nrog rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov duab kho mob nrog cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kwv yees feem ntau yog qhov zoo, txawm hais tias kev hloov mus rau theem ntev yog ua tau. Tick-borne encephalitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kub taub hau los yog nrog cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb. Kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob tom qab zuam-borne encephalitis feem ntau tseem nyob mus ib txhis.

Yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej li cas los ntawm zuam-borne viral encephalitis?

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv zuam tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, uas muaj kev ua tib zoo ua raws li kev ntsuas yooj yim thiab siv tau. Cov kev ntsuas no tau siv ntau zaus thiab tau ua pov thawj lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej yog kev hnav khaub ncaws zoo tib yam, tig mus rau hauv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau ceev cov dab tshos thiab cuffs, khi lub tsho rau hauv lub ris, thiab cov ris tsho hauv cov khau.

Kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias ixodid zuam tuaj yeem nqa ntau yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg.

Tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), tshwm sim los ntawm spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, yog thoob plaws hauv Lavxias Federation. Qhov chaw faib tawm ntawm tus kab mob no yog dav dua li ntawm Tick-borne encephalitis, tam sim no suav nrog 72 lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias Federation, suav nrog thaj chaw ntawm Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow. Tam sim no tsis muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm zuam-borne borreliosis.

Vim tias muaj kev phom sij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj, xaiv cov khaub ncaws zoo thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntxiv, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, acaricides thiab lwm yam.

Kev ceev faj dav dav

Yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm cov zuam thiab tib lub sij hawm ua kom yooj yim rau lawv tshawb pom:

- Lub dab tshos ntawm lub tsho yuav tsum haum snugly rau lub cev, nyiam dua siv lub tsho nrog lub hood.
- Lub tsho yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv cov ris tsho thiab lub tsho ntev, thiab lub tsho ntawm lub tes tsho yuav tsum haum snugly rau lub cev.
- Cov ris tsho yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv khau khiab lossis khau, thiab cov thom khwm yuav tsum muaj elastic.
- Nws raug nquahu kom npog koj lub taub hau thiab caj dab nrog txoj phuam qhwv caj dab lossis lub kaus mom.
- Cov khaub ncaws yuav tsum yog lub teeb, xim zoo ib yam.
- Rau kev taug kev hauv hav zoov, tag nrho ntawm ntau hom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas tus kheej thiab kev sib koom ua ke yog tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas cov zuam txuas. Tom qab taug kev hauv hav zoov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem koj cov khaub ncaws, co tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas koj lub cev.

Nws tsis pom zoo kom nqa cov nroj tsuag tshiab, cov khaub ncaws sab nrauv thiab lwm yam khoom uas yuav muaj cov zuam mus rau hauv chav. Cov dev thiab lwm yam tsiaj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Yog ua tau, tsis txhob zaum lossis pw ntawm cov nyom. Thaum xaiv qhov chaw mus pw hav zoov lossis siv hmo ntuj hauv hav zoov, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag nyom lossis xaiv cov ntoo thuv qhuav ntawm cov av xuab zeb.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov zuam, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv, hu ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas yog siv los kho qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog yog txiav txim siab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv.

Raws li kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb, qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws yog muab rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj diethyltoluamide (DEET) nyob rau hauv ib qho concentration ntawm 30-50%. Cov khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj 50% DEET tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob nrog 20% ​​DEET siv tau rau 3 teev, thiab cov uas muaj 30% lossis ntau dua tuaj yeem siv tau ntev txog 6 teev. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob DEET muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 hlis. Ua ntej siv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov lus qhia.

Thaum siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, ntau txoj cai yuav tsum ua raws li:

- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog siv rau cov tawv nqaij uas raug.
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj (ntau npaum li cas tsis ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv).
- Tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab mob, qhov txhab los yog khaus tawv nqaij.
- Tom qab rov qab los, nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij nrog xab npum thiab dej.
- Thaum siv cov aerosol, tsis txhob muab tshuaj tsuag rau hauv qhov chaw kaw lossis nqus nws.
- Cov tshuaj aerosol yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuag rau ntawm lub ntsej muag: nws yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tsuag rau ntawm tes thiab maj mam smeared rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, zam qhov muag thiab qhov ncauj.
- Thaum siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau menyuam yaus, tus neeg laus yuav tsum xub muab tshuaj rau lawv txhais tes thiab ua tib zoo faib rau tus menyuam; Tsis txhob muab tus me nyuam qhov muag thiab qhov ncauj qhov chaw thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm pob ntseg.
- Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntawm koj tus menyuam txhais tes, vim cov menyuam yaus feem ntau nyiam muab tso rau hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj.
- Nws raug pom zoo tias cov neeg laus siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau tus menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 10 xyoo lawv tus kheej, tsis yog tso cai rau tus menyuam nws tus kheej.
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus.

Cov tshuaj acaricides

Acaricides yog cov tshuaj uas ua rau tuag taus ntawm cov zuam. Cov tshuaj no yog siv los kho cov khaub ncaws. Tam sim no, cov khoom uas muaj alphamethrin thiab permethrin tau siv dav.

Disinsection yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ntuj foci, raws li zoo raws li sab nraum lawv, siv insecticides npaj. Qhov no siv tau rau cov chaw uas tsiaj txhu ua liaj ua teb, nrog rau thaj chaw ncig chaw ua si. Sau cov zuam raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev nchuav roj av los yog hlawv.

Tshwj xeeb prophylaxis

Raws li kuv qhov kev hloov tshiab kawg, muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau hom kab mob encephalitis. Qee qhov no suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tic-borne encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tic-borne encephalitis, xws li Encepur thiab TicoVac, tau pom zoo thiab tau siv dav hauv Russia thiab Europe. Rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev sab laj kev tshawb fawb kho mob thiab cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov koom haum noj qab haus huv hauv zos.

Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias raug zuam tom?

Yog tias koj raug zuam tom, koj yuav tsum tshem nws tam sim ntawd. Txhawm rau tshem cov zuam, siv cov tweezers lossis cov zuam tshwj xeeb tshem tawm. Thaum tshem tawm, sim tsis txhob nyem tus zuam lub cev kom tsis txhob kis tau tus kab mob. Tom qab tshem tawm, kho qhov chaw tom nrog ib tug antiseptic. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm zuam los ntawm cov kab mob, xws li kub taub hau, ua pob liab vog, mob taub hau, leeg tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, mus ntsib kws kho mob.

Cov lus pom zoo kom tshem cov zuam koj tus kheej

Koj yuav tsum siv tweezers lossis gauze-pob ntiv tes los tuav tus zuam kom ze rau nws lub qhov ncauj li sai tau. Thaum tshem tawm, tig cov kab mob nyob ib ncig ntawm nws axis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tuav nws perpendicular mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov tom thiab ua kom lub teeb txav. Yog hais tias lub taub hau ntawm zuam tawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog ib rab koob tsis muaj menyuam lossis sab laug kom txog thaum nws raug tshem tawm lawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob squeezing tus zuam lub cev kom tsis txhob ua kom cov ntsiab lus nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov txhab. Tom qab tshem cov zuam, nws raug nquahu kom kho qhov chaw tom nrog tincture ntawm iodine lossis cawv. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv koj cov hniav tshem cov zuam kom tsis txhob kis tau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Nco ntsoov ntxuav koj txhais tes kom huv si nrog xab npum tom qab tshem cov zuam kom tsis txhob kis tau los ntawm microcracks hauv daim tawv nqaij.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis

Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas tus zuam-borne encephalitis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub meej qhov tseeb ntawm zuam nqus thiab tsim kom muaj qhov kawg ntawm cheeb tsam rau zuam-borne encephalitis. Tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm tus neeg mob, suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov paj hlwb ua tiav, txhawm rau kom tsis suav nrog lwm cov kab mob sib kis thiab tsis muaj kab mob uas muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws.

Kev kuaj mob ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis suav nrog kev txiav txim siab titer ntawm IgM thiab IgG cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus kab mob tic-borne encephalitis dhau sijhawm.

Kuv yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob twg yog tias kuv xav tias tic-borne encephalitis?

Yog tias koj xav tias zuam-borne encephalitis, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb rau kev sab laj thiab kev kho mob ntxiv.

Kev kho mob, teeb meem thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis

Kev kho cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tsos mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov no yuav suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj los txo qhov mob thiab txo cov tsos mob. Cov tswv yim kho mob thiab kev txhawb nqa kuj tseem siv tau los kho lub cev ua haujlwm.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, tshuaj acaricides, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom zoo los tiv thaiv tus kab mob rau cov neeg nyob hauv lossis mus ncig rau thaj chaw uas muaj kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob sib cuag nrog zuam, ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas koj lub cev tom qab taug kev hauv hav zoov, thiab ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau piav qhia hauv cov lus pom zoo los tiv thaiv zuam tom.