Stag beetle: daim duab ntawm mos lwj thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab loj tshaj plaws

Dab tsi yog stag beetle zoo li

Leej twg yog tus stag beetle

lub npe: stag kab
Xyoo.: Lucanus lub ncauj tsev menyuam

Chav Kawm: Kab - Kab
Detachment: Coleoptera - Cov
Tsev Neeg: Stags - Lucanidae

	Habitats:	dav
	Txaus ntshai rau:	tsis ua mob
	Txhais tau tias kev puas tsuaj:	xav tau kev tiv thaiv

Stag: tus qauv ntawm kab.

Stag beetles yog hu ua stag beetles los ntawm comb-beetle lossis stag beetle tsev neeg. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm cov kab no yog hypertrophied mandibles nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej, uas outwardly heev zoo li mos lwj antlers. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, qhov no ib feem ntawm lub cev yog ntau tsawg tsim.

Cov neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg stag tuaj yeem ncav cuag 9-11,5 cm ntev, coj mus rau hauv tus account "horns". Nyob ntawm hom, xim ntawm lub cev ntawm mos lwj beetles tau txais cov duab hauv qab no:

Cov kav hlau txais xov ntawm cov stags yog nyias, ntev, nrog lub zuag-puab qws thaum kawg. Ntawm ob sab ntawm lub taub hau yog ob lub qhov muag complex, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab muaj peb lub qhov muag yooj yim. Cov ceg ntawm stag beetles yog ntev heev thiab nyias. Lub tibiae ntawm lub anterior khub muaj ci txiv kab ntxwv me ntsis tsim los ntawm ntau cov plaub hau luv luv, thaum lub tibiae ntawm lub posterior khub muaj cov yam ntxwv hniav.

Kev loj hlob voj voog ntawm stag beetles

Lub neej voj voog ntawm stag beetles.

Ua ntej tus neeg laus stag beetle yug, nws muaj txoj hauv kev mus ntev heev, uas tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li 4 txog 8 xyoo. Qhov twg, nws lub neej expectancy ntawm imago theem yog feem ntau tsuas yog 2-3 lub lis piam.

Rau kev sib tw ua tiav, stags xav tau ob peb teev, tab sis ua ntej ntawd, tus txiv neej tseem tsis tau sib tw rau tus poj niam. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg sib tw yuav tshwm sim nrog kev pab los ntawm cov mandibles loj thiab nws lub hom phiaj tsis yog tua, tab sis tsuas yog dov tus yeeb ncuab ntawm nws nraub qaum.

Qe

Deer beetle qe.

Tom qab tus yeej tau txiav txim siab thiab kev sib tw ua tiav tau tshwm sim, tus poj niam nteg ob lub qe. Txhawm rau muab cov larvae yav tom ntej nrog lub hauv paus zaub mov, nws muab ib chav cais rau txhua lub qe hauv cov ntoo lwj. Feem ntau, tus poj niam ua qhov no hauv cov pob tw rotten, stumps los yog hollows.

Cov qe ntawm cov beetles ntawm tsev neeg no loj heev, daj ntseg daj, oval-puab. Lawv txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2-3 mm. Raws li ntau qhov chaw, qhov tawm ntawm lub qe tsim los ntawm lub qe tshwm sim li ntawm 3-6 lub lis piam.

Larvae

Lub cev ntawm cov larva yog pleev xim rau dawb, thiab lub taub hau yog txawv los ntawm ib tug contrasting xim av-txiv kab ntxwv los yog daj-liab xim. Lub puab tsaig ntawm cov larva yog tsim tau zoo heev, uas tso cai rau nws yooj yim tiv nrog nws cov kev nyiam delicacy - rotten ntoo.

Deer beetle larva.

Cov ceg ntawm cov larva kuj tsim heev, thiab muaj kwv yees li cov qauv thiab ntev. Muaj cov hniav ntawm tus ncej puab ntawm nruab nrab ob txhais ceg, thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb protrusion ntawm lub trochanters ntawm ob sab nraub qaum. Ua ke, cov khoom ntawm lub cev ntawm cov larva tsim ib lub cev stridulation uas tso cai rau lawv ua suab tshwj xeeb. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov suab no, cov larvae tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg.

Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov kab yav tom ntej muaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntoo lwj, uas cov pwm tau tshwm sim. Noj qab haus huv ceg thiab tsob ntoo trunks yeej tsis kov los ntawm cov kab no. Ntau zaus stag larvae tuaj yeem pom hauv cov hauv paus hniav lwj lossis pob tw tej ntoo:

Nyob rau theem larval, kab siv nyob rau nruab nrab li 5-6 xyoo, nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb. Piv txwv li, kev loj hlob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm huab cua txias los yog ntev drought. Ua ntej larva pupates, nws lub cev ntev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10-13,5 cm, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem yog li 2 cm.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm xws li larva tuaj yeem ntau li 20-30 grams.

Kooj

Stag beetle pib.

Cov txheej txheem pupation pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Autumn. Ua li no, larva npaj ua ntej rau nws tus kheej lub chamber tshwj xeeb - lub txaj txaj. Txhawm rau tsim ib qho "cradle", kab siv ntoo chips, av thiab nws tus kheej excrement.

Xws li lub chamber yog nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av ntawm qhov tob ntawm 15 mus rau 40 cm. Qhov ntev ntawm stag pupa tuaj yeem ncav cuag 4-5 cm. Ib tug neeg laus feem ntau tawm ntawm cocoon nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig - thaum ntxov caij ntuj sov.

Habitat ntawm stag beetles

Ntau hom teej tug mus rau tsev neeg stag tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov kab no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau txhua lub tebchaws tshwj tsis yog Antarctica. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, muaj txog 20 hom stags nyob, thiab cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog stag beetle. Kab ntawm hom no feem ntau nyob hauv hav zoov deciduous thiab chaw ua si. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib lawv hauv thaj chaw hauv qab no:

Kev ua neej nyob ntawm stag beetles thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej

Lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua si ntawm stags nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov huab cua nyob rau hauv uas lawv nyob. Nyob rau hauv txias, sab qaum teb cheeb tsam, lub davhlau ntawm cov kab no pib ntau tom qab thiab beetles feem ntau pom nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj. Tab sis cov stags nyob ze rau sab qab teb sawv ntxov dua tom qab lawv lub caij ntuj no pw tsaug zog thiab ua haujlwm tsuas yog thaum nruab hnub.

Ob leeg poj niam thiab txiv neej stag beetles tuaj yeem ya, tab sis txiv neej ya ntau zaus.

Txhawm rau kom lawv lub zog "horns" tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev sib npaug, thaum lub davhlau, kab tuav lawv lub cev yuav luag vertically.

Vim lub cev hnyav, nws kuj yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau beetles tshem tawm ntawm kab rov tav, yog li lawv feem ntau ua qhov no los ntawm kev dhia los ntawm cov ntoo lossis bushes. Kev ya mus ntev yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem npog qhov deb mus txog 3000 m.

Lub beetle tshem tawm ntawm ceg.

Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau cov larvae ntawm cov kab no yog ntoo, uas twb tau pib decompose. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev noj haus no, kab yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm hav zoov. Lawv ua cov nroj tsuag residues thiab ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv decomposition. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nplua nuj ntawm cov av nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kab kawm.

Raws li rau cov neeg laus, lawv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov muaj cov kua txiv ntoo, yog li lawv feem ntau pom ntawm cov ceg ntoo lossis tsob ntoo puas. Tsis yog larvae lossis cov neeg laus ntawm stag beetles ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov ntoo noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis zoo li termites, stags yeej tsis kov technical wood.

Yuav ua li cas stag beetles siv lawv horns

Ib khub ntawm horns.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov mandibles loj loj no yog txhawm rau tua cov neeg sib tw rau cov poj niam lossis rau qhov chaw noj mov. Txiv neej stags yeej ib txwm nruj heev rau ib leeg thiab, pom tias muaj peev xwm yeeb ncuab ntawm lub qab ntug, lawv maj nrawm mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam.

Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug duel, cov txiv neej feem ntau sim ntes lawv cov yeeb ncuab nrog kev pab los ntawm mandibles thiab pov nws tawm ntawm tsob ntoo. Hauv kev sib ntaus rau tus poj niam, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tig tus neeg sib tw rau nws nraub qaum.

Kev txuag cov xwm txheej ntawm stag beetles

Stag beetles yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm ecosystem thiab coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov xwm txheej. Tam sim no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no tau poob mus tas li vim kev txiav cov kab mob thiab cov ntoo rotting, nrog rau kev ntes cov kab los ntawm cov neeg sau.

Stags twb ploj lawm nyob rau hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe thiab tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Belarus thiab Kazakhstan.

xaus

Vim yog deforestation, ntau hom tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub verge ntawm extinction, thiab cov pejxeem ntawm ib co kab los ntawm tsev neeg stag kuj tau txo qis. Yog li ntawd, tau ntsib cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov tsawg, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nws, vim tib neeg twb ua rau nws muaj teeb meem ntau.